云岭自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的活动模式

中国西南山地是亚洲黑熊（Ursus thibetanus）的重要分布地，但是对该物种的活动模式研究很少。2017年7月—2019年8月，本研究以云南兰坪云岭省级自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊为研究对象，按照250 m×250 m网格布设218台红外相机，累计有效拍摄日为36 175 d，共获得亚洲黑熊的独立照片（Independent Photograph，IP）77张。亚洲黑熊年节律为单峰型，主要活动在夏天雨季（5—10月），冬眠期为2—4月。日节律为晨昏活动类型，没有昼夜差异。拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的主要活动海拔为3 100~3 400 m，没有垂直迁移。拉沙山亚洲黑熊活动区域主要植被类型是针阔混交林（50%），其次是常绿落阔叶混交林和针叶林（30%）。综合其他区域亚洲黑熊冬眠开始和持续时间，发现亚洲黑熊冬眠的开始时间和总时间存在纬度模式，高纬度区域冬眠开始时间早、持续时间长。研究结果在大尺度上揭示了亚洲黑熊的冬眠纬度模式，为该物种的保护管理提供参考。

Activity patterns of Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus)on the Mt.Lasha Yunling Nature Reserve

The Mountains of Southwest China is an important distribution area of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus),but the activity pattern of this species is rarely studied.This study focused on Asiatic black bear.Total 218 Camera traps were set up a grid 250 m×250 m in Mt.Lasha area of Yunling Nature Reserve,Lanping,Yunnan,from July 2017 to August 2019.Our study lasted for 2 years,with 36175 trapping days,the cumulative monitoring period averaged to 238±100.31 days and a total of 77 Independent photographs(IPs)obtained.The annual rhythm of Asiatic black bear is unimodal,mainly animals are active in the summer rainy season(May-October).The hibernation occurred from February to April,so the hibernation period is 3 months.Double activity peaks were found in daily activity rhythms,with no difference in day and night activities.The main elevation range of the activity is from 3100 m to 3400 m,and there is no obvious vertical migration.The main vegetation types are mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests(50%),followed by mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests(30%).Compared to the previous studies,we found that the hibernation pattern of Asiatic black bears was affected by its distribution latitude,the higher latitude that it distributed,the hibernation started earlier and lasted for a longer time.Our results reveal the hibernation pattern with latitude of Asiatic black bear on a large scale,and provide reference for conservation and management of this species.