红外相机技术在陕西观音山自然保护区兽类监测研究中的应用

国外使用红外相机技术开展野生动物调查研究已有较长的历史,最早的报道见于Champion(1927),在20世纪90年代逐渐发展成熟,广泛用于动物种群数量和密度的研究.如应用红外相机和种群捕获模型(Capture-recapture)对印度Nagarahole国家公园的孟加拉虎(Panthera tigris)的种群数量和密度的研究(Karanth,1995;Karanth和Nichols;1998),验证了红外相机技术与种群捕获模型的结合在孟加拉虎种群预测方面的优势,有效解决了监测中孟加拉虎数量稀少、活动隐秘等问题.

The application of infrared camera in mammal research in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve,Shaanxi

Since July 2009,the total 18 cameras were installed in the Guanyinshan Nature Reserve(GNR),Shaanxi Province.During our 24 months’ monitoring from August 2009 to July 2011,we have collected a total of 1 755 mammal photos.The results show(1) a total of 22 mammal species were photographed.The first 6 species selected for analysis based on a relative abundance index(RAI) were Budorcas taxicolor,Naemorhedus goral,Elaphodus cephalophus,Sus scrofa,Capricornis sumatraensis and Muntiacus reevesi;their total percentage reaches 86.04%.(2) The monthly RAI(MRAI) for the whole year varies among months.The greatest value of MRAI is acquired in July and the lowest in February.(3) Three of the six selected species demonstrated similar daily activity patterns,which has two peaks,one at dawn and one at dusk.The daily pattern of Naemorhedus goral also has two peaks,but they differe from those of the previous three species.The daily activity pattern of Sus scrofa shows a peak at noon and Capricornis sumatraensis was less active at the period of 10:00-16:00.(4) The NRAI gave a clear indication of variation in nocturnality among the 6 species.Capricornis sumatraensis was most active at night and Sus scrofa was opposite.