高寒草甸地区小哺乳动物群落多样性的初步研究

高寒苹甸地区的人工草场、半人工草场、次生杂类草草场和撩荒地中共有4个小哺乳类群落;根田鼠+高原鼢鼠群落;根田鼠+甘肃鼠兔群落;高原鼠兔+高原鼢鼠群落;长尾仓鼠+高原鼠兔群落。小哺乳类群落种的多样性与植物群落种的多样性无显著相关关系,而与植被的高度、盖度呈显著负相关关系。高原鼢鼠是各生境中的广布种。根田鼠与甘肃鼠兔在植被郁闭度高的环境中为群落的主要组成者;植被郁闭度低的环境中,高原鼠兔和长尾仓鼠是群落的主要成员。它们的空间格局主要反映空间环境条件的差异。

STUDIES ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY AT ALPINE MEADOW

The paper deals with the relation between the species diversity of small mammal communities and the diversity, height, coverage of plant communities. The structure and spatial pattern of small mammal communities and interspecific relationship on the four habitats(artificial grassland, half-artificial grassland, secondary grassland, derelict land) were studied at the area of Haibei Research Stalion of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem in Sep. 1989. Population densities of animals were calculated by mounds coefficient for Myospalax baileyi, hole coefficient for Ochotona curzoniae and removalSampling for other animals. The results were as follows: 1. Four types of small mammal communities on the four habitats were determind: A. Microtus oeconomus+ Myospalax baileyi community. B. Microtus oeconomus + Ochotona cansus community. C. Ochotona curzoniae+ Myospalax bayleyi community. D. Cricetulus longicaudatus +Ochotona curzoniae community. These four communities distribute artificial grassland(Elymus nutans community), half-artificial grassland (Elymus nutans + E.sibicus community), secondary grassland (Potentilla anserina + Ajania tenuifolia community) and derelict land(Aconitum gyman-andrum + Polygonum sibiricum community)respectivcly. 2. There is no linear correlation between the species diversity indexes of small mammals and of plants, but the species diversity indexes of small mammals are negative correlated signicantly with the height and coverage of plants. 3. Myospalax baileyi is a eury opic species. Microtus oeconomus and Ochotona cansus are mainly distributed the habitats with close vegetation, Ochotona curzoniae and Cricetulus longicaudatus are mainly distributed the habitats with short or sparse vegetation.These results demonstrated that the composition of grassland small mammal communities was determined primarily by vegetation structure.