食物及洞道密度对高原鼠兔冬季死亡率的影响

本研究在野外围栏条件下采用2×2 析因实验设计,通过最小存活数法分别统计冬季前后种群数量,测定附加食物及洞道密度对高原鼠兔冬季死亡率的影响,旨在检验栖息地质量对降低高原鼠兔冬季死亡率的效应。4种野外实验处理2 个重复的研究结果表明,夏季无附加食物与低密度洞道处理组高原鼠兔冬季死亡率为71% ;而附加食物和高密度洞道处理冬季死亡率仅为47% ;添加食物和低密度洞道及无附加食物和高密度洞道处理组种群死亡率分别为60% 和53% 。每一处理组雌性死亡率均显著低于雄性。夏季添加食物和增加洞道密度均能明显地降低高原鼠兔种群冬季死亡率,但无显著的交互作用。

Effects of food supply and burrow density on mortality of the plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)in winter

The influence of food supply and burrow density on mortality of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)in winter was measured in a 2 ×2 factorial experiment within a fenced field. In order to test the direct and indirect influence of the quality of habitat upon the mortality of plateau pika in winter,the minimum viable counting method was applied to calculate the population of plateau pikas before and after winter,and through measuring food supply and burrow density we could analyze their effects upon the mortality of plateau pika. The results showed the morality without food supplementation and with low burrow density was up to 71 % ,but only 47 % with food supplementation and high burrow density. Mortality was 60 % with food supplements and low burrow density,and 53 % without food supplements and high burrow density. Furthermore,the mortality of females was lower than that of males in all conditions. The conclusion was the greater food supply and lower burrow density can significantly decrease the mortality of plateau pika in winter,but the interaction effect of the two factors has not been detected in the research.