首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
   检索      

洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖特性
引用本文:张美文,王勇,李波,黄璜,陈剑,韩立亮.洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖特性[J].兽类学报,2009,29(4).
作者姓名:张美文  王勇  李波  黄璜  陈剑  韩立亮
作者单位:1. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,WWF-中国科学院洞庭湖湿地国际研究中心,长沙,410125;湖南科技大学生命科学学院,湘潭,411201
2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,WWF-中国科学院洞庭湖湿地国际研究中心,长沙,410125
3. 湖南农业大学农学院,长沙,410128
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目,国家973资助项目,中国科学院知识创新领域前沿资助项目 
摘    要:针对洞庭湖区实施的"退田还湖"重大生态环境恢复工程,以原有"围湖"造的垸田和垸外湖滩为对照,对退田还湖区(含双退与单退两种形式)的啮齿动物群落于2003~2006年进行定位观察.采用夹捕法进行采样,于每年的1月、4月、7月、10月进行.比较洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠种群的繁殖指标参数.总体来看,调查期间东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖指数要比上世纪80~90年代报道的要高,这与前几年其种群处于年数量低谷有关,是东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠种群负反馈机制的体现.不同类型生境间的比较结果显示,单退垸与原有生境没有明显变化,而双退垸内黑线姬鼠和东方田鼠均有较显著的变化,主要表现在双退垸内夏季东方田鼠保持高的繁殖能力和黑线姬鼠的繁殖力锐减.由于双退垸的高程优势,鼠群在夏季汛期不会迁出垸内,仅迁移集中至较高区域,这种水位变化引导的害鼠种群迁移应该是造成繁殖变化的主要原因.由于黑线姬鼠不适应这种迁移以及集中后与东方田鼠的激烈竞争,迁移到高地后的黑线姬鼠几乎停止繁殖,繁殖指数仅为0.03(I♀=0.05),明显低于当期其它生境.值得注意的是夏季滞留在双退垸内的东方田鼠,繁殖强度却不减,繁殖指数达1.54(I♀=3.36),与春季湖滩种群的相当.说明没有经过长距离迁移的东方田鼠种群,在夏季仍会保持较高的繁殖强度,与夏季被迫远距离迁入农田的东方田鼠种群繁殖力急剧下降形成鲜明对比.由此可知,在初夏如果有适宜的栖息地(如双退垸的高台、原有堤岸等),东方田鼠仍能保持较强繁殖力.本文揭示了双退垸内水位变化引发种群迁移后东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠繁殖能力的这种迥异表现,具体深层次原因有待进一步探讨.

关 键 词:东方田鼠  黑线姬鼠  繁殖特性  退田还湖  洞庭湖区

Reproduction characteristics of striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and Yangtze voles (Microtus fortis) in the polder of return farmland back into lake in Dongting Lake region
ZHANG Meiwen,WANG Yong,LI Bo,HUANG Huang,CHEN Jian,HAN Liliang.Reproduction characteristics of striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and Yangtze voles (Microtus fortis) in the polder of return farmland back into lake in Dongting Lake region[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2009,29(4).
Authors:ZHANG Meiwen  WANG Yong  LI Bo  HUANG Huang  CHEN Jian  HAN Liliang
Abstract:The reproductive characteristics of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the Yangtze vole ( Microtus fortis) were studied in an area being restored to lake in the Dongting Lake region. There were two main ways that farmland was restored. In Double Restoration Polders ( DRP) both human habitation and agricultural activity were removed, while in Single Restoration Polders (SRP) only human habitations were removed but agricultural activities continued. The study was conducted in January, April, July and October from 2003 to 2006. Snap traps were used to get samples in all plots through-out the census. Seven typical plots (seven different types of habitats for small mammals) were selected for investigation. Habitat 1 was hilly woodland around the lake which was covered by some shrub, arbor and herb, and M. fortis often immi grated to here from beach of lake during flood season. Habitat 2 and habitat 3 were normal farmland in protected polders. There was an M. fortis population migrating into habitat 3 during flood season, as there was a large stretch of beach outside of the dike near the habitat. Habitats 4 and 5 were SKP. Habitat 4 was still farm and the majority of the area of habitat 5 was planted in one kind of poplar (Populus spp. ). Habitat 6 was typical DRP, which was also covered by arbor. Habitat 7 was the beach of lake which has fully developed ( matured beach) , it was covered by Carex spp. and Polygonum hy-dropiper. The reproductive characteristics of Apodemus agrarius and Microtus fortis were compared among these habitats, and also compared with historical data we acquired during 1980 and 1990. The indices of reproduction of females were higher than those in the historical data for both A. agrarius, which was the dominant species in farmland, and for M. fortis, which was dominant species on beach of the lake. Both species were at a low point of multi-annual population fluctuations. Both species displayed no significant changes except for in DRP during the summer. In normal situations, the populations on the matured beach were forced to cross the dike and immigrate into the farmland or hillock when the beach was covered by water in flood season. However, there were some higher points and some abandoned dike in DRP which may not be cov-ered by water and may became refugia for Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius. As a result,- they did not across the dike, but rather, just moved to the high level places. The population of the Microtus fortis which still stayed in DRP during sum-mer (flood season) continued their reproductive peak, and the index of reproduction was 1.54 (I_♀=3.36), whereas the population of M. fortis which was forced to migrate into farmland or hillocks almost stopped breeding and its fecundity be-came low. We expected that the Microtus fortis which didn' t undergo long distance migration would remain highly fecund in summer. On the other hand, Apodemus agrarius showed opposite responses in terms of reproduction. The historical data showed that there were two breeding peaks in a year, the first peak was in spring and the other was in autumn. Although there was a relative decrease in summer, there still was some reproduction. However, the Apodemus agrarius in DRP almost stop breeding in the summer after migration from low level places to high level places, and the index of reproduction was on-ly 0. 03 (I_♀= 0. 05). In addition to migration, competition between Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius in DRP might contribute to the drastic decrease in reproduction for Apodemus agrarius. The same phenomenon was found in the historical data from 1990. This study has shown different responses of A. agrarius and M. fortis in reproduction after migration in DRP in summer.
Keywords:Dongting Lake region  Reproduction characteristics  Return the cropland back into lake  Striped field mouse {Apodemus agrarius)  Yangtze voles {Microtus fortis)
本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录!
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号