盐酸埃托啡在亚洲象全身麻醉中的应用

正盐酸埃托啡(etorphine hydrochloride)属于阿片受体激动剂,是人工合成的作用于中枢神经系统的化学保定剂,由英国人于1963年研发,其属强效镇痛类药,精神依赖多见,故一般不用于人体麻醉,而在动物尤其是食草动物的麻醉保定中被广泛使用(Nielsen,1999)。盐酸埃托啡可与马来酸乙酰丙嗪(acepromazine maleate)复合使用,乙酰丙嗪具有中枢镇静作用,能加强中枢抑制药的效应(刘焕奇等,2003;段俊堂,2015)。M99是以盐酸埃托啡为主要成分的动物麻醉剂。大动物保定灵是以盐酸埃托啡和马来酸乙酰丙嗪为主要成分的动物麻醉剂。盐酸

Use of Large Animal Immobilon and M99 for general anesthesia in Asian elephants

Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) are the largest endangered land mammals in Asia. General anesthesia is required for their treatment, rescue, and live capture. From 2005 to 2019, using an anesthetic rifle and blow dart, 9 Asian elephants were anesthetized 12 times with 2.09±0.10 μg/kg (mean±standard error) etorphine hydrochloride and (8.54±0.40)μg/kg acetopromazine maleate compound (Large Animal Immobilon), or (3.47±0.15)μg/kg etorphine hydrochloride (M99); diprenorphine hydrochloride was used as an antagonist. In all cases, the animal was immobilized successfully, and no elephant died. The induction period lasted (11.00±0.71)min (Large Animal Immobilon) or (14.12±4.46)min (M99), and this was not significantly influenced by sex or age. During the induction period, the elephants were not excited. Activity and response to stimulation were gradually weakened, and the elephants fell to the side after losing consciousness. During the maintenance period, the vital signs of the elephants were monitored. The rectal temperature was found to be in the normal range, but tachycardia occurred occasionally. After the injection of the corresponding antagonist, the recovery period lasted 1-6 min, and the elephants might enter sleep after the recovery period.