青海雪豹地理分布的初步调查

雪豹(Panthera uncia Schreber)俗称草豹,为濒危珍兽,现已列为国家一类保护动物,属典型高山动物,耐寒冷,棲息地常年积雪。有关雪豹在青海境内的地理分布,以往已有初步报道(寿振黄等,1962;张洁等,1963)。为了进一步摸清雪豹在青海省境内的数量分布及生活习性,笔者于1973、1974、1975、1978、1981各年在祁连县八宝乡的柳沟、石桥、青羊沟、柏树台、清大板及野牛沟乡的边麻、大泉、柯柯里地区;都兰县的宗加、巴隆、香日德、沟里及玉树藏族自治州的玉树、治多、曲麻来、杂多等县,深入雪豹活动地区,采用跟踪足迹、粪便及食物残骸的方法进行调查,并访问当地群众及畜产品的收购部门,结合西宁市人民公园17年来的收购记录,综合整理如下。

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUNCES IN QINGHAI PROVINCE

This paper deals with the geographical distribution of ounces(Ptnthera uncia Schreber) in Qinghai Province.Ources are distributed in 20 counties-Guide, Huzhu,Menyuan,Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Golmud, Guinan, Xinghai, Zhidoi, Zadoi, Nangqen, Yushu,Chindu,Qumarleb,Madoi,Maqen,Jigzhi,Baima,Darlag. Among them, there are 4 counties-Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan,Zadoi,in which the numbers of ounces are bigger.The numbers of ounces are shown in table 2. There are altogether 73 ounces(40 ♂,33♀ )which is supported to every park of China for ornamental, they were captured by fellow-villagers,and 44 ounces(23 ♂,21 ♀)of them are below 6 months old, 9 ounces( 6 ♂, 3 ♀)of them are 1 year old, 2 ounces (2 )are 2 years old, 18 ounces(9 ♂, 9 ♀)are adults.Ounces live at an altitude of 3000-4100 metres above the sea,and prefer to eat Bhaial(Pseudois ncycur).Its breeding period goes from April to June, the number of embryos being 2-3.A female ounce was successfully reproduced for the first time at Xining People's Park of China, in September, 1984, and she gave birth to 3 young ounces.