流行性出血热病毒在疫区鼠间垂直传播的首次证实

流行性出血热(EHF)病毒在鼠间垂直传播的问题一直未被证实。1985～1986年我们在实验研究的基础上进行了疫区现场研究,采用的基本方法是从感染的孕鼠子宫内剖取胎鼠,用免疫荧光法作抗原、抗体检查和病毒分离,结果从流行性出血热疫区捕获的4只黑线姬鼠孕鼠的胎鼠体内检出了特异性抗原和抗体(IgM和IgG)。从24只抗原阳性的褐家鼠孕鼠中检出抗原阳性胎鼠18只,垂直传播率达75％。从褐家鼠孕鼠和胎鼠中分离出病毒六株,经特异性试验和单克隆抗体鉴定确认为EHF病毒。上述事实证明,在自然条件下,流行性出血热病毒在疫区鼠类中存在着经胎盘感染或垂直传播。这一证实对于阐明疫源地形成、延续和扩散,以及人类发病等具有重要意义。

An Investigation on the Vertical Transmission of EHFV among the Mice in the Endemic Area

The vertical transmission of epidemic haemorrhagic fever virus (EHFV) in mice has not been confirmed. From 1985 to 1986, We conducted the studies in epidemic fiels for getting a reliable answer to the above problem on the basis of a serial sludies in the laboratory. In our study IFA was adopted to detect the EHFV antibody and antigen; tissue culture technique was adopted to isolate EHFV from fetuses which were dissected from the uteri of infected mice. Our results are as follows : In the field study, the specific antibodies(IgM and IgG) and antigens were found from 4 fetuses of Apodemus agrarius trapped from the epidemic area of EHF. EHFV antigen was also detected from 18 fetuses of Rattus norvigicus which were dissected from the uteri of 24 pregnant rats with EHFV antigens. The EHFV vertical transmission rate of R. norvigicus is 75%. Six EHFV strains were isolated from the pregnant rats and fetuses of R. norvigicus. They were identified as EHFV by specific tests and monoclonal antibody detection. The above facts demonstrated that the verlical transmission of EHFV exists in some species of mice. The confirmation of this problem has an important significance both for the further study of EHF natural focus and the guide of controlling of this disease.