Cryptostylis species (Orchidaceae) from a broad geographic and habitat range associate with a phylogenetically narrow lineage of Tulasnellaceae fungi |
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| Institution: | 1. Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia;2. Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia;3. Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia;4. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, Victoria, 3977, Australia;1. Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia;2. Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia;3. Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia;4. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, Victoria, 3977, Australia;1. Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700019, India;2. Department of Botany, Vidyanagar College, West Bengal, 743503, India;3. Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, India;4. Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700019, India;1. Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA;1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany;2. Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany;3. Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa;1. Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China;2. Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China;3. College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China |
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| Abstract: | While many Australian terrestrial orchids have highly specialized mycorrhizal associations, we tested the hypothesis that the geographically widespread orchid genus Cryptostylis associates with a diversity of fungal species. Using fungal isolation and molecular approaches, we investigated the mycorrhizal associations of five Australian Cryptostylis species (27 sites sampled) and included limited sampling from three Asiatic Cryptostylis species (two sites). Like related orchid genera, Tulasnellaceae formed the main fungal associations of the Cryptostylis species we sampled, although some ectomycorrhizal, ericoid and saprotrophic fungi were detected infrequently. Each species of Australian Cryptostylis associated with three to seven Tulasnella Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), except for C. hunteriana where only one Tulasnella OTU was detected. In total, eleven Tulasnella OTUs associated with Australian Cryptostylis. The Asiatic Cryptostylis associated with four different Tulasnella OTUs belonging to the same lineage as the Australian species. While five Tulasnella OTUs (T. australiensis, T. prima, T. warcupii, T. densa, and T. punctata) were used by multiple species of Australian Cryptostylis, the most commonly used OTU differed between orchid species. The association with different Tulasnella fungi by Cryptostylis species co-occurring at the same site suggests that in any given environmental condition, Cryptostylis species may intrinsically favour different fungal OTUs. |
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| Keywords: | Fungal sharing Fungi Orchid Mycorrhizal fungi DNA sequencing Specialization |
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