Exposure to warming and CO2 enrichment promotes greater above-ground biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in newly established grasslands |
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Authors: | Costanza Zavalloni Sara Vicca Manu Büscher Ivan E de la Providencia Hervé Dupré de Boulois Stéphane Declerck Ivan Nijs Reinhart Ceulemans |
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Institution: | 1. Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium 2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 208, 33100, Udine, Italy 3. Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Microbiologie, Croix du Sud 3, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 4. Biodiversity Centre, Université de Montreal, 4201 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, H1X 2B2, Canada 5. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract: | Aims In view of the projected increase in global air temperature and CO2 concentration, the effects of climatic changes on biomass production, CO2 fluxes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in newly established grassland communities were investigated. We hypothesized that above- and below-ground biomass, gross primary productivity (GPP), AMF root colonization and nutrient acquisition would increase in response to the future climate conditions. Furthermore, we expected that increased below-ground C allocation would enhance soil respiration (Rsoil). Methods Grassland communities were grown either at ambient temperatures with 375?ppm CO2 (Amb) or at ambient temperatures +3°C with 620?ppm CO2 (T+CO2). Results Total biomass production and GPP were stimulated under T+CO2. Above-ground biomass was increased under T+CO2 while belowground biomass was similar under both climates. The significant increase in root colonization intensity under T+CO2, and therefore the better contact between roots and AMF, probably determined the higher above-ground P and N content. Rsoil was not significantly affected by the future climate conditions, only showing a tendency to increase under future climate at the end of the season. Conclusions Newly established grasslands benefited from the exposure to elevated CO2 and temperature in terms of total biomass production; higher root AMF colonization may partly provide the nutrients required to sustain this growth response. |
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