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Depth of water acquisition by invading shrubs and resident herbs in a Sierra Nevada meadow
Authors:Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi  Carla M D’Antonio  Todd E Dawson
Institution:(1) Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA;(2) Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA;(3) Present address: Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Abstract:Woody plant encroachment into semiarid ecosystems has become a global trend in recent decades. Due to stream channel incision, the semiarid riparian montane meadows of the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA are experiencing long-term declines in soil moisture. A woody shrub, Artemisia rothrockii A. Gray (Rothrock sagebrush, Asteraceae) is invading these herbaceous meadows. We used an analysis of the stable oxygen isotope ratios of plant and soil water to measure the depth of plant water acquisition during the early stages of this woody plant encroachment. Sagebrush used deeper water on average than most herbs, but it also acquired 10–30% of its water from shallow (<30 cm) soil. Most of the young sagebrush seedlings (1–3 years old, <15 cm) that we sampled used deep water like the older shrubs. Many, but not all of the herb species we sampled were also able to acquire deep water. These findings are consistent with a scenario of shrub encroachment in which channel incision causes shallow-water-dependent herbs to die back, allowing shrub seedlings to establish in disturbed areas during wet years. At least during the early stages of the invasion, some herbs appear to coexist with sagebrush by using deep root systems to cope with the declining shallow soil moisture.
Keywords:Juncus balticus                Kern Plateau  mixing model  Mulkey Meadow  oxygen stable isotopes  shrub encroachment
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