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Origin and phylogeographical structure of Chinese cattle
Authors:Lei C Z  Chen H  Zhang H C  Cai X  Liu R Y  Luo L Y  Wang C F  Zhang W  Ge Q L  Zhang R F  Lan X Y  Sun W B
Institution:Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;. Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China;. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, China;. College of Animal Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;. Wildlife Resources College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
Abstract:Complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 231 samples were used to explore the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese cattle. Phylogenetical analysis of these sequences revealed both Bos taurus and Bos indicus mitochondrial types in Chinese cattle. Four of the previously identified mitochondrial DNA lineages (T1–T4) were identified in the Bos taurus type, including lineage T1, which was found for the first time in Chinese cattle. Two lineages (I1 and I2) were identified in the Bos indicus type. Our results support the suggestion that the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the domestication site of Chinese zebu. We also found evidence that Tibetan cattle originated from taurine and zebu cattle. The distribution pattern of Chinese cattle breeds was closely related to the geographical and climatic background. It was possible to divide Chinese cattle in this study into two major groups: northern and southern cattle.
Keywords:Chinese cattle  climate  genetic diversity  mitochondrial DNA D-loop  origin  phylogeographical structure
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