环境因子对植物释放挥发性化合物的影响

对近年来有关环境因子与植物释放挥发性化合物关系的研究进展进行了综合和概括。本文主要包括3类挥发性化合物。⑴异戊二烯是由叶绿体产生并且直接释放到大气中的C5化合物。⑵单萜类化合物是一类环状或非环状的C10化合物，它在植物体内合成后首先贮存于体内的特殊结构中（如树脂道、油腺），然后由此通过气孔向大气中释放。⑶含氧挥发性化合物以各种形式释放大大气中。它包括醇、醛、酮、酯和有机酸。本文的重点是前两者，主要阐述了二方面内容：⑴植物军发性化合物的生物合成和释放机理。⑵环境因子（如温度、光照、水分胁迫、营养、CO2浓度、空气湿度）及植物的发育阶段、机械损伤和昆虫取食等对植物挥发性化合物合成与释放的影响机制。

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Plants

Recent progresses in studies on the relationship between environmental factors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission from plants are reviewed. The article covers three groups of VOCs: (1) isoprene which is a C 5 hydrocarbon that is produced in chloroplast and released directly into atmosphere, (2) monoterpenes which are a family of C 10 cyclic and acyclic hydrocarbons that are produced and stored in specialized structures (e.g. resin channel, oil gland) from which they are emitted into atmosphere through stomata and (3) oxygenated VOCs which are volatilized into atmosphere in a variety of forms, eg. alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and organic acids, with the emphasis on isoprene and monoterpenes, including (1) mechanics of biosynthesis and emission of VOCs from plants, and (2) the effect of environmental factors(e.g. air temperature, light intensity, drought stress, soil nutrient, carbon dioxide and air humidity ) , developmental phases of leaves,mechanical damage and herbivore damage on biosynthesis and emission of VOCs.