水果中抗病原真菌物质成分的提取分离方法及应用前景

诱发因子如草酸，拮抗菌产生的抗素等，以及采后热处理，紫外线处理可以诱导水果产生抗病性，此外有的水果具有先天性抗病成分，对这些活性成分进行分析，并用之于水果采后病害的生物防治，为水果的防腐保鲜提供了新的方法，追踪这些抗病物质的产生和分布，需要采用一些专门的分析方法，目前采用的方法是将果实组织破碎，离心，通过萃取，层析或电泳技术进行纯化，然后用核磁共振，X－射线衍射及各种波谱分析技术进行结构鉴定，抗真菌物质的活性可以用薄层层层析生物学方法，孢子萌发或纸碟法进行鉴定，而抗真菌活性物质的定位则用组织化学法，电子显微术，放射自显著技术和免疫印迹技术也广泛用物于组织化学分析。

The Extraction, Isolation and Prospective Use of Active Antifungal Compounds from Fruits

Apart from preformed antifungal agents, induced resistance to diseases can be obtained by stimulating of elicitors such as oxalic acid, microbial metabolites, heat or UV radiation. It will probably be a new way for storase of fruits if these agents are elucidated and used for biological control of postharvest diseases. Specific analytical methods are required to track them. The current method is that the tissue of fruit flesh is smashed and homogenized in a proper solvent, the active component is isolated and purified by chromatography and /or electrophoresis. The structure is elucidated by NMR, X_ray diffraction and spectrometric analysis. There are three ways to test the activity of the antifungal substances: thin_layer chromatography bioassay; spore/slide germination assay; and agar cup plate method. The compartmentation of the active compounds is followed by histological chemistry, which is benefited from immunofluorescence microscopy, immunogold labelling techniques and radio autographic analysis.