植物铝毒害及遗传育种研究进展

本文简单概述了目前植物铝毒害及遗传育方面的研究进展，Al^3 可以通过与细胞骨架的作用，影响根的正常生理功能和形态建成，植物可以通过根尖分泌有机酸或磷酸等将离子态的为成螯合态的铝，通过吸收H^ 提高根尖周围的pH，将Al^3 变成难溶性的Al(OH)3或磷酸铝从而解 除铝毒害，也可以通过在细胞内与Ａl^3 形成无毒害的复合结构从而解除铝毒害，国外通过基因工程和突变体筛选已经获得了一批耐铝的植物材料，国内一些研究者通过变体筛选也获得了一些耐铝的植物材料，对植物耐铝性的遗传研究表明，植物的耐铝性既可以是受单基因控制的，也可以是受多基因控制的。

Advances in Studies on Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants

In this paper the current advances in studies on aluminum stress in plants are reviewed. Al 3 may adversely influence the function and morphogenesis of plant roots by acting on cytoskeleton and is harmful to many plant species. The plants may become tolerant to Al 3 through secretion of organic acids or phosphate to bind with Al 3 , by taking up H to alkalize the rhizosphere to reduce the apoplastic Al 3 activity, or by formation of nonphytotoxic complexes to reduce the symplastic Al 3 activity. Genetic engineering and mutant selection have been employed in breeding for Al 3 tolerance in plants. Tolerance to Al 3 in plants may be controlled by a single gene or multigenes.