传标记及其在作物品种鉴定中的应用

本文评述了用于作物品种鉴定的形态标记（morphological markers）、细胞标记（cytological markers）、生化标记（biochemical markers）、分子标记（molecular markers）的优缺点。重点评述了分子标记在作物品种鉴定中的应用。文中除对蛋白质电泳指纹图谱－－同工酶和贮茂蛋白（包括醇溶性蛋白、清蛋白、谷蛋白、球蛋白等）电泳产生的指纹图谱的应用外，较详细地介绍了近年来ＤＮＡ指纹图谱技术；包括限制片段长度多态性（restriction fragment length polymorphism，简称ＲＦＬＰ)、随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（random amplified polymorphic DNA，简称ＲＡＰＤ）、小卫星ＤＮＡ（minisatellite DNA）、微卫生ＤＡＮmicrosatellite DNA），简单重复序列间扩增（intersimple sequence repeats,简称ＩＳＳＲ），扩增片段长度多态性（amplified fragment length polymor-phism，简称ＡＦＬＰ）以及ＣＡＰＳ（cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences）和ＳＮＰＳ（single mucleotide polymor-phisms）对作物品种鉴定和新品种登记，品种纯度和真实性的检验以及品种间亲缘关系的探讨和在分类研究中的贡献等。

Genetic Markers and Their Applications in Identifying Crop Cultivars

The article discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using morphological markers, cytological markers, biochemical markers and molecular markers in the identification of crop cultivars, focusing on the application of moleuclar marker fingerprint in identifying crop cultivars. In addition to the discussion of the application of protein eletrophoresis fingerprint, which is produced by the electrophoresis of isozyme and depot protein (prolamin, albumin, glutelin, globulin, etc.), recent DNA fingerprint techniques of RFLP, RAPD, minisatelite DNA, microsatellite DNA, ISSR, AFLP, CAPS and SNPS, and their contribution to the identification of crop cultivars, new cultivars registration, the inspection of cultivar purity, the relationship among cultivars and the studies in classification are thoroughly discussed as well.