植物一氧化氮生物学的研究进展

一氧化氮(NO)是植物中的一种关键的信号分子.在植物中,NO的潜在来源包括一氧化氮合成酶、硝酸还原酶、黄嘌呤氧化还原酶和非酶促途径.NO能促进植物生长,延缓叶片、花和果实衰老,促进休眠和需光种子的萌发,能与植物激素相互作用调节气孔运动,诱导程序性细胞死亡和防御相关基因的表达,并在逆境中作为一种抗氧化剂起作用.NO的细胞内信号反应包括环鸟苷酸、环腺苷二磷酸核糖的产生和细胞质Ca2 浓度的增加,其信号转导途径及其生物化学和细胞学本质还不十分清楚.

Advances in Nitric Oxide Biology of Plants

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in plants. The potential sources of NO in plants include nitric oxide synthase, nitrate reductase, xanthine oxidoreductase and the nonen- zymatic pathway. NO can enhance plant growth; delay senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits; stimulate germination of seeds that are dormancy and/or light-requiring seeds for germination; and interact with phytohormones to mediate stomatal movement. Programmed cell death and expression of defence-related genes can also be induced by NO. NO can serve an antioxidant function during various stresses. Intracellular signaling responses to NO involve generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cyclic ADP-ribose and elevation of cytosolic calcium, but the knowledge of the NO signal transduction pathway and its biochemical and cellular nature is yet to be revealed.