论克隆植物的遗传多样性

概述了克隆植物的类型与特点 ,对克隆植物的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的一些特点进行了综述 ,并讨论了克隆植物遗传变异的来源。总体而言 ,克隆植物拥有比早期推测大得多的遗传变异 ,虽然克隆种与其近缘有性繁殖种相比 ,遗传多样性较低 ,但广泛的遗传单态性却很罕见。克隆植物种群的遗传结构有所改变 ,广布基因型很少 ,大多数基因型仅分布于某一种群之内 ,种群间基因型多态性存在广泛的变异。不同克隆植物之间遗传多样性相差很大 ,遗传结构也有巨大差异。说明除生殖模式外 ,其他的一些因素 ,如地理分布范围、生境特点 ,散布方式和种群历史等都对克隆植物遗传多样性有重要影响。

Genetic Diversity of Clonal Plant

In this paper, we briefly introduce the types and the traits of clonal plants, review the characters of the genetic diversity and the genetic structure, and discuss the source of genetic variation in them. In a whole, the genetic diversity of clonal plants is much higher than that had been expected before. Although the genetic diversity is lower than their sexual congener, widely genetic monomorphism has been rarely found. The genetic structure in clonal plant has some changes. Widely_distributed genotypes are scarce, most of them exist only within one population. The genetic variation among populations is extensive, and the genetic diversity among different clonal plant species varies. Besides the reproductive mode, some other factors such as geographic distribution, habitat, way of dispersal and population history also affect the genetic diversity of clonal plants.