Key factors determining water quality,fish community dynamics,and the ecological health in an Asian temperate lotic system |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia;2. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;3. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford Y35 Y521, Ireland;2. Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University, Wales, UK and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;4. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan;1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China;2. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, 361102, China;3. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration (USER), Xiamen University, 361102, China;4. Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, 361102, China;5. School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;6. Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China;1. Gazi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey;2. Ba?kent University, Faculty of Commercial Sciences, Management Information Science, 06790 Ankara, Turkey;3. Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel;2. Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel;3. Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel;4. Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya''ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel;5. The plant protection and inspection services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Identifying the key determinants and their impacts on water quality and fish community structure is imperative to environmental assessment and ecosystem conservation. The main objectives of this study were to assess the factors driving water quality, fish assemblages, and ecological health in a temperate lotic ecosystem using a long-term (12 years) dataset. The results indicate that sewage treatment plants significantly negatively impact river water quality and are primary pollution sources. Temporal fluctuations showed that the summer monsoon adversely influenced TN and EC due to dilution effects while increasing the COD and TSS in the water. Annual variations and the Mann–Kendall test demonstrated increasing trends in COD, TN:TP ratio, and CHL-a but a decreasing trend of TP with the impoundment. Artificial barriers (weirs) in the river created more favorable algal growth conditions due to increased water residence time. COD and TSS levels in the river were significantly affected by soil erosion. The environmental disturbance measures index indicated that all sites were severely degraded. Fish composition analysis suggested that exotic fish species such as, Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides, dominated the community structure and negatively impacted native species after the installation of weirs. Our findings indicate that fish guilds and the IBI model are controlled by nutrient enrichment, organic matter, algal production, and land use/land cover. Water quality governs the biological health of the river. Overall, evaluation of the river's ecological health based on the multi-metric WPI and the IBI revealed that the river has a “poor” to “very poor” ecological status. The outcomes of this study may aid policymakers in managing and restoring the river. |
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