Exorhopala ruficeps (Balanophoraceae): morphology and transfer to Helosis

Exorhopala ruficeps is a rare parasitic plant of the family Balanophoraceae, endemic to the north-western part of Peninsular Malaysia. It was originally described in Rhopalocnemis and later placed in a new monotypic genus on the basis of the exogenous origin of its inflorescences. A new collection of material enabled a detailed morphological study, the results of which are presented here. Inter alia, it is documented that the inflorescences originate endogenously as in all other Balanophoraceae. However, no volva is formed and the tuber-tissue covering the emerging inflorescence crumbles into pieces. The inflorescence and flower characters established here are neither in full accordance with Rhopalocnemis nor do they justify a genus of its own, but instead place the species in Helosis , which thus becomes a genus of transpacific distribution. The new combination is Helosis ruficeps (Ridl.) R. K. Eberwein.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 146 , 513–517.