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Bioinformatic discovery and initial characterisation of nine novel antimicrobial peptide genes in the chicken
Authors:David?J?Lynn  Rowan?Higgs  Susan?Gaines  Joanna?Tierney  Tharappel?James  Andrew?T?Lloyd  Mario?A?Fares  Grace?Mulcahy  Email author" target="_blank">Cliona?O’FarrellyEmail author
Institution:(1) Education and Research Centre, St. Vincentrsquos University Hospital, 4 Dublin, Ireland;(2) Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, 4 Belfield, Dublin, Ireland;(3) Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland;(4) Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland;(5) Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, 4 Belfield, Dublin, Ireland;(6) Biology Department, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland;(7) Conway Institute, University College Dublin, 4 Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
Abstract:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of innate immunity in a range of species from Drosophila to humans and are generally thought to act by disrupting the membrane integrity of microbes. In order to discover novel AMPs in the chicken, we have implemented a bioinformatic approach that involves the clustering of more than 420,000 chicken expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Similarity searching of proteins—predicted to be encoded by these EST clusters—for homology to known AMPs has resulted in the in silico identification of full-length sequences for seven novel gallinacins (Gal-4 to Gal-10), a novel cathelicidin and a novel liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) in the chicken. Differential gene expression of these novel genes has been demonstrated across a panel of chicken tissues. An evolutionary analysis of the gallinacin family has detected sites—primarily in the mature AMP—that are under positive selection in these molecules. The functional implications of these results are discussed.
Keywords:Chicken  Defensins  Antimicrobial peptide  Innate immune system
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