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Identification and characterization of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Fugu</Emphasis> orthologues of mammalian interleukin-12 subunits
Authors:Email author" target="_blank">Yasutoshi?YoshiuraEmail author  Ikunari?Kiryu  Atsushi?Fujiwara  Hiroaki?Suetake  Yuzuru?Suzuki  Teruyuki?Nakanishi  Mitsuru?Ototake
Institution:(1) Immunology Section, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Tamaki, 519-0423 Mie, Japan;(2) Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Maisaka, Hamana, 431-0211 Shizuoka, Japan;(3) Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, 252-8510 Kanagawa, Japan
Abstract:We have isolated and characterized cDNAs and genes for pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, (Fugu) orthologues of mammalian interleukin (IL)-12 subunits (IL-12 p35 and IL-12 p40). The deduced amino acid sequences of the Fugu IL-12 subunits showed homology with mammalian IL-12 subunits (p35: 50.4–58.0% similarity; p40: 51.2–55.4% similarity). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Fugu IL-12 p35 and p40 genes cluster with their mammalian counterpart lineages. The genomic organization of each of the Fugu IL-12 subunit genes is similar to that of the corresponding mouse IL-12 subunit genes, although the Fugu genes are very compact due to small intron size. Comparative genomic analysis showed conserved syntenies within the IL-12 p35 and p40 regions between Fugu and human, indicating that the Fugu IL-12 p35 and p40 genes are orthologues for mammalian IL-12 p35 and p40 encoding genes, respectively. Expression of IL-12 p35 mRNA was observed in lymphoid tissues and several non-lymphoid tissues, while expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA was constitutive and nearly ubiquitous. In the spleen and head kidney, expression of IL-12 p35 was induced by polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid poly(I:C)] and not by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while expression of IL-12 p40 was constitutive and unresponsive to both poly(I:C) and LPS. These results indicate that IL-12 levels are regulated by production of IL-12 p35 mRNA and suggest that IL-12 in fish may be involved in antiviral defense. This is the first report of the identification and characterization of IL-12 subunit cDNAs and genes in a non-mammalian vertebrate.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers AB096265, AB096266, AB096267, and AB096268.
Keywords:Fugu  Cytokine  IL-12  Synteny  Comparative immunology
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