植物免疫应答过程中 Ca2 ＋及 CaM/CML 的功能

钙离子是一个多功能的第二信使，在植物响应各种生理刺激时，Ca2＋参与调节植物的多种生长发育和胁迫适应过程。在这些过程中，Ca2＋信号带有特异性标签，通过Ca2＋结合蛋白及其下游靶蛋白感知不同刺激并翻译成响应的细胞反应。钙调素（CaM）和钙调素类蛋白（CML）是Ca2＋主要感受器，通过调节不同靶蛋白的活性调控多种细胞功能。最近在植物对抗病原菌的防卫反应中有关Ca2＋／CaM信号转导系统的研究取得了一定进展。重点关注植物免疫应答过程中受CaM／CML调控的信号组分的研究，包括参与Ca2＋信号产生和Ca2＋依赖的表达基因组分调控。

The function of Ca2＋ and CaM/CML in plant immunity

Calcium is a universal messenger involving in the modulation of diverse developmental and adaptive processes in response to various physiological stimuli. Ca2＋ signals are represented by stimulus-specific Ca2~ signatures sensed and translated into proper cellu- lar responses by diverse Ca2＋ binding proteins and their downstream targets. Calmodulin （CAM） and calmodulin-like （CML） proteins are primary Ca2＋ sensors to control diverse cellular functions by regulating the activity of various target proteins. The advances in our understanding of Ca2＋/CaM-mediated signaling in plants have emerged from investigations into plant defense responses against various pathogens. Recent studies focused on significant progress made in the identification of CaM/CML-regulated components involved in the generation of Ca2＋ aignals and Ca2＋ -dependent regulation of gene expression during plant immune responses.