4种生态因子对虎斑乌贼幼体生长与存活的影响

旨在研究温度、盐度、饵料种类、投饵量对虎斑乌贼（Sepia pharaonis）幼体生长与存活率的影响,以确定其生长发育的最佳生态条件,为人工育苗提供理论依据。在室内控制条件下,采用单因子试验研究了不同温度（18、21、24、27、30和33℃）、不同盐度（18、21、24、27、30和33）、不同饵料种类（虾糜、活糠虾、卤虫无节幼体、桡足类、死糠虾、虾糜＋强化卤虫后无节幼体、强化卤虫后无节幼体）、活糠虾不同投饵量（0、2、4、6、8和10 g/d）对虎斑乌贼幼体生长发育的影响。结果显示：不同温度对虎斑乌贼幼体生长影响显著（P〈0.05）,最适温度为24-27℃,在最适温度下,存活率为84.4%-91.1%,特定生长率为4.82%-6.13%,存活率（y）与温度（x）的函数关系为y=-0.15x3＋30.637x-447.002（r2=0.923）。幼体适宜盐度为24-33,最适盐度为27,在最适盐度条件下,其存活率为（90.0±5.29）%,特定生长率为（3.71±0.34）%。投喂7种开口饵料,以活糠虾效果最佳,存活率为（96.7±2.94）%,特定生长率为（3.77±0.23）%;强化卤虫后无节幼体效果次之,存活率为（95.6±2.31）%,特定生长率为（2.54±0.15）%,其余各组培养效果均不理想。投喂活糠虾,随着投饵量的增加,其存活率随之提高,摄食量（y）与个体重（x）的回归方程为y=0.227x-0.063（r2=0.921）。

Effects of four ecological factors on the growth and survival of Sepia pharaonis larvae

The effects of temperature,salinity,food types and feeding on the growth and survival of Sepia pharaonis larvae were studied to determine the optimum ecological conditions,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the artificial breeding. In laboratory conditions,effect of each single factor on the larval growth and development of Sepia pharaonis was studied at different temperatures（ 18,21,24,27,30 and 33 ℃）,different salinity（ 18,21,24,27,30 and 33）,different food types（ minced shrimp,Acanthomysis brevirostis,Artemia nauplii,copepods,dead Acanthomysis brevirostis,shrimp mince ＋ strong Artemia nauplii and strong Artemia nauplii）,and different baits quantity of live Acanthomysis brevirostis（ 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 g /d）. The results showed that effects of temperature on larval growth of Sepia pharaonis was significant different（ P 0. 05） and the most suitable temperature was 24- 27 ℃,At this temperature,the survival rate was from 84. 4% to 91. 1%,and the specific growth rate was from 4. 82% to 6. 13%. The function between survival rate（ y） and temperature（ x） was y =- 0. 15x3＋ 30. 637x- 447. 002（ r2= 0. 923）. The suitable salinity was from 24 to 33,and the most suitable salinity was 27. In the optimal salinity condition,the survival rate was（ 90 ± 5. 29） %,specific growth rate was（ 3. 71 ± 0. 34） %. Acanthomysis brevirostis was the best bait in the 7 food types,the survival rate was（ 96. 7 ± 2. 94） %,specific growth rate was（ 3. 77 ± 0. 23） %; strong Artemia nauplii was the second,the survival rate was（ 95. 6 ± 2. 31） %,specific growth rate was（ 2. 54 ± 0. 15） %,other groups＇ training effect is not ideal. Feeding Acanthomysis brevirostis,along with the increase of feeding,the survival rate increased,feed intake（ y） and body weight（ x） of the regression equation was y = 0. 227x- 0. 063（ r2= 0. 921）.