内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚繁殖期及其前后昼间行为时间分配及能量平衡策略

2007年11月、12月和2008年3月，在内蒙古达赉湖地区，采用扫描取样法对雌雄蒙原羚繁殖期及其前后昼间行为时间分配进行了研究。 研究表明：（1）繁殖期前、繁殖期和繁殖期后，雌性蒙原羚采食时间，占昼间活动时间的比例分别为（44.9±3.8）%、（43.5±4.0）% 和 (46.2±3.1)%；卧息时间，占昼间活动时间的比例分别 为（32.3±4.8）%、（29.2±2.9）% 和 (28.0±4.8)%；雌性蒙原羚在繁殖期及其前后采食、移动和卧息的行为时间分配差异不显著（P>0.05），站立、繁殖、“其他”行为时间分配差异性显著（P<0.05）。（2）繁殖期前、繁殖期和繁殖期后， 雄性蒙原羚采食时间，占昼间活动时间的比例分别为 (52.6±3.8)%、(17.5±2.8)% 和 (29.8±4.8)%；卧息时间，占昼间活动时间的比例分别为 (13.4±6.4)%、(24.2±4.1)% 和 (44.2±4.7)%。雄性蒙原羚在繁殖期及其前后采食、卧息、站立、移动、繁殖、“其他”时间分配均有显著差异（P<0.05）。动物采食卧息的行为时间分配反映动物的能量平衡策略。雌性蒙原羚的时间分配表明，雌性蒙原羚的能量平衡策略在繁殖期前、繁殖期和繁殖期后没有发生显著变化，均为能量摄入最优化策略，尽可能多的时间分配在采食上；雄性蒙原羚的时间分配表明，在繁殖期前，其能量平衡策略为能量摄入最优化策略，尽可能多的时间分配在采食上；雄性蒙原羚繁殖期及繁殖期后其能量平衡策略转变为能量支出优化策略，尽可能少的支出能量，尽可能多的时间分配在卧息上。

Diurnal Activity Budgets and Energy Balance Strategy of Mongolian Gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) Before,During and After the Rut Around Dalai Lake,Inner Mongolia

In November, December 2007 and March 2008, we studied the diurnal activity budgets of the Mongolian Gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) using group-scan-sampling for the time before, during and after the rut around DaLai Lake,Inner Mongolia. The activities of Mongolian Gazelle were divided into 6 categories: feeding, standing, moving, lying,rutting and others. The results showed: 1) Before the rut, the major behavior of the female was feeding, the time budget of feeding occupied ( 44.9±3.8 ) % of all diurnal time, the lying time was (32.3±4.8) %; During the rut the females spent (43.5±4.0)% on feeding and (29.2 ±2.9)% on lying; After the rut the time budget of feeding occupied (46.2±3.10) % of all diurnal time, the lying time was (28.0±4.8)%. Activity budgets of the female on standing, rutting, others changed significantly among the three periods (P＜0.05), but activity budgets on feeding, moving, and lying did not change significantly among the three periods (P＞0.05). 2). Before the rut, the major behavior of the males was feeding, the time budget of feeding occupied (52.6±3.8)% of all diurnal time, the lying time was (13.4±6.4)%; During the rut the males spent significantly less time on feeding (17.5±2.8)% and more time on lying (24.2±4.1)% compared with before the rut. After the rut, the time budget of feeding occupied (29.8±4.8)% of all diurnal time, while the lying time was (44.2±4.7)%. Activity budgets of the male on feeding, standing, moving, lying, rutting, others changed significantly among the three periods (P＜0.05). The time budget on feeding and lying reflects on energy balance strategies. We conclude from the results that; females do not change their strategy significantly among the three periods - they try to increase their energy intake; before the rut, the male is the same as the female, but during and after the rut, the males adopt an energy saving strategy to optimize their energy balance; males aim to save energy by spending more time lying.