尼罗罗非鱼和萨罗罗非鱼遗传生殖隔离的初步证据(英文)

罗非鱼类(Tilapiini)含3个属70余种,种间和属间颇易人工杂交,但尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)和萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)人工杂交难度大,产苗概率甚低,要获得数量足够的可用于生产的杂交子代相当困难。该文对这两种鱼及其正交(O.niloticus♀×S.melanotheron♂)和反交(S.melanotheron♀×O.niloticus♂)子代的头肾细胞的核型进行了比较。此外,采用同工酶电泳方法检测肾、肝、眼、肌肉、心中乳酸脱氢酶等4种同工酶的表型差异。4种遗传型罗非鱼具有相同的染色体二倍数(2n=44)和总臂数(NF=50),但各具不同的染色体类型,尼罗罗非鱼为3对近中着丝点染色体(sm)、12对近端着丝点染色体(st)和7对端着丝点染色体(t);萨罗罗非鱼为1对中间着丝点染色体(m)、2对sm、12对st和7对t;正反杂交子代表现为介于双亲之间的混合类型,为0.5对m、2.5对sm、12对st和7对t。在同工酶中,仅见肾脏乳酸脱氢酶电泳结果有清晰差异,尼罗罗非鱼出现5条谱带,萨罗罗非鱼3条,而杂交子代6条,且所有谱带的迁移率和活性均表现出多态性。据此初步认为,核型和同工酶方面的差异可能是导致这两种不同属罗非鱼生殖隔离的遗传原因,这些差异也可能为这两种(属)鱼的分类学提供新的遗传背景资料。

Possible genetic reproductive isolation between two tilapiine genera and species: Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron

Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids (O.niloticus ♀ × S.melanotheron (♂),S.melanotheron ♀ × O.niloticus (♂),the last not included in the isoenzyme study) were investigated via metaphase chromosomes obtained from head kidney cells and electropherogram of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes from the liver,kidney,white muscle,heart,and eye balls.The diploid chromosome number (2n=44) and the fundamental number (NF=50) of the four tilapia genotypes were the same.However,the karyotype of O.niloticus had three pairs of sub-metacentric (sm),twelve pairs of sub-telocentric (st),and seven pairs of telocentric (t) chromosomes,while S.melanotheron had one pair of metacentric (m),two pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.The reciprocal hybrids both showed a mixed karyotype range between their parents:0.5 pair of m,2.5 pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.In view of the electropherogram of isozymes,only the LDH of the kidney showed significant clear bands,with five bands in O.niloticus,three bands in S.melanotheron,and duplicated six bands in the hybrids.The bands varied depending on their activities and mobilities.We considered that the differences in karyotype and isoenzyme were related to the genetic mechanism for post-mating isolation,and provided some additional basic genetic background of their taxonomy.