八种鸡形目鸟类卵壳及壳膜超微结构观察

８种鸡中，高原山鹑卵壳仅由乳突层和栅栏层构成，缺少护膜层，表面无裂纹，外气孔开放。其它种类由乳突层、栅栏层和护膜层构成，表面有裂纹、外气孔有覆盖。栅栏层都有与飞翔相适应的气泡，飞翔能力强，速度快的种类产卵壳气泡密度高的卵。

OBSERVATIONS ON ULTRASTRUCTURES OF EGGSHELL AND SHELL MEMBRANES OF EIGHT SPECIES OF GALLIFORMES

The ultrastructures of eggshells and shell membranes of eight species of Galliformes,which are Bonasa sewerzowi,Crossopltilon auritum,Ithaginis cruentus,Alectoris magna.Alectoris chukar,Perdix hodgsoniae,Tetraogallus himalayensis and Gallus dometicus,were observad by scanning electron micrograph.Among them,eggshell of P.hodgsoniae consists of cone layer and palisade layer,and absents cuticle and fissures on its surface.The outer orifices of pore canals are open.The eggshells of the others are comprisedcone layer,palisade and cuticle.Their surfaces have fissures and outer orifices of pore canals are covered by membrane.The vesicles in the palisade are a structure adapted to fly.Species,which flying ability is stronger and flying speed is faster,lay eggs that density of the vesicles in eggshell is greater.The shell membranes are all consisted of two layers that are reticular flbre structure.The thickness and density of fibres have function controlling incubation period.