北京市三个区域食肉类动物食性的比较分析

为了解北京地区捕食性动物的生存竞争关系,于2002年采用样线法收集北京松山、云蒙山、雾灵山3个区域的食肉动物粪便样品85份,并以食物残留物出现频率法进行了食性分析。粪样主要属于犬科的貉和赤狐、鼬科的黄鼬和猪獾、猫科的豹猫。粪样内容物的鉴定发现,此类动物的食物构成以小型哺乳类为主,鼠类的出现频率为82.4%,植物的出现率(54.1%)列为第二位,鸟类的出现率为31.8%,大型猎物的出现率仅为8.3%。犬科动物赤狐和貉的食物构成以棕背(50%)、植物(42.9%)和鼠科动物(40.5%)为主;猫科豹猫的食物构成中植物的出现率为72.4%,其次为鸟类(62.1%)和鼠科动物(48.3%),在生态旅游开发强度较大的区域塑料制品的出现率较高。通过对犬科动物和豹猫的食物生态位重叠度和生态位宽度的比较,讨论了捕食性动物的共存与竞争关系。

Comparative Analysis of Food Habits in Carnivores from Three Areas of Beijing

In order to understanding the competitive relationship among predators and planning a conservation program for the wildlife around Beijing, 85 feces samples of carnivores were collected by a strip-sampling method at two scenic spots (Songshan, and Yunmengshan) and one nature reserve (Wulingshan) in 2002, which mainly belonged to Vulpes vulpes and Nyctereutes procyonoides of Canidae, Mustela sibirica and Arctomyx collaris of Mustelidae, and leopard cat (Felis bengalensis) of Felidae. And then the food habits of animals were studied by feces content analysis. The results revealed that the small mammals were the main food and the percentage of occurrence of rodents in the total samples was 82.4%. The second and third orders of foods were plants (54.1%) and birds (31.8%) respectively. But the occurrence rates of big preys of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and hare (Lepus capensis) were only 8.2%. The main foods of canids were the voles, plants and murid species. Whereas the plants took the first place (72.4%) in the analyzed samples of leopard cat, and birds (62.1%) and murid species (48.3%) took the following order places. The remains of plastic products had a higher occurrence rate at the areas with intensive tourism. The relationship of co-existence and competition among the predators was discussed through the comparison of food niche overlap. It suggested that the leopard cats took more birds and murid species as a food divergence to co-exist with other predators.