营巢类型、巢捕食和窝卵数对高寒草甸雀形目雏鸟生长期的影响

根据1998—2001年高寒草甸10种雀形目鸟类的窝卵数、雏期和巢捕食数据,以Logistic方程拟合雏鸟生长过程,并计算出有关生长率参数;根据营巢类型将10种雀形目鸟划分为开放或半开放类群(GOB)和全封闭穴居类群(HCB)两类,将把雏鸟的生长过程划分为3个生长期(缓增期、快增期和渐增期)。3个生长期占雏期的比例因营巢类型而异,GOB类群快增期>渐增期>缓增期;HCB类群渐增期>快增期>缓增期。分析营巢类型、巢捕食和窝卵数与各生长期之间的关系,结果表明3个生长期的体重积累占离巢时体重的比例因巢型不同而有显著差异;营巢类型和巢捕食显著影响各生长期占雏期的比例和体重积累占离巢时体重的比例;窝卵数影响快增期和渐增期长度,而不影响缓增期长度。快增期体重积累与渐增期的生长率不相关,但与渐增期长度显著相关。因此,前期的能量积累不影响后期生长率,而影响后期生长的长度。该结果进一步印证在晚成鸟中不存在补偿性生长。

Effects of Nest Type, Nest Predation and Clutch Size on Growth Period for Passerine Birds in Alpine Meadow

Based on the experiments from 1998 to 2001 in the Haibei Research Station Alpine Meadow Ecosystem, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Logistic Equations were used to describe the growth process of nestling of ten species Passerine birds for different varieties and several parameters of nestling process were derived from those equations. Basing on growth rule of nestling, we divided the growth process into three growth periods: slight growth period, fast growth period, and slow growth period. The ten species passerine were divided into two groupsground or shrub, open or semi-open and semi-closing nesting birds (GOB) and hole nesting birds (HCB)]according to the type of nesting. The percentages growth period should vary in the order in GOB: fast growth period>slight growth period>slow growth period; this percentage in the order in HCB: slow growth period>fast growth period>slight growth period. We investigated the effects of nest type, nest predation and clutch size on each growth period. The percentages of each growth period in nestling period varies with nest types. Percentage of growth period and percentage of weight were affected significantly by nest type and predation. The length of fast and slow growth period were affected by clutch size, but the length of slight growth period was not affected by clutch size. The growth rate of slight growth period was not correlated with the accumulated weight of fast growth period but the number of slight growth period was strongly correlated with the accumulated weight of fast growth period. We think that anaphase growth is not affected by prophase energy accumulated, but the length of anaphase is affected by prophase energy accumulated. Our results are consistent with current theory that compensatory growth does not appear to occur in altricial birds.