杭州市区白头鹎鸣声的微地理差异

2002年5—8月,对中国东部浙江省杭州市区的白头鹎鸣声的微地理差异进行研究。在约60 km2的 研究区内,选择8个调查点(4个城区,4个丘陵山地),录制了80个雄性白头鹎的511个鸣声样本,并随机选 取每一调查点的20个鸣声样本进行分析。其结果显示,白头鹎在杭州市区至少有8种微地理鸣声方言,每个微 地理鸣声方言都有一典型鸣句;它们在听觉上、波形结构、音节组成、音节频谱特征等方面均不相同。有的一 路之隔的相邻微地理鸣声方言之间存在明显差异;部分区域出现鸣声混合现象;有的个体还具有“多语”功 能。白头鹎鸣声产生微地理差异的原因可能与鸟类个体的扩散和城市中鸟类栖息地的人为改变有关。

Microgeographic Song Variation in the Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinenesis) in Urban Areas of Hangzhou City

Between May and August 2002, microgeographic song variations of the Chinese Bulbul {Pycnonotus sinen-sis) were studied in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province in eastern China. We recorded 511 morning songs of 80 male Chinese Bulbul at eight locations: four locations in extensive mixed forest and 4 locations in urban woodlots, within an area of about 60 km2. We analysed the acoustic characteristics of typical sentences and their syllables of 160 songs, and ran-domly selected 20 songs for each location. The results showed that the Chinese Bulbul has obvious microgeographical song variations; specifically, that eight microgeographic song dialects were found in our survey area and each dialect had a typi-cal song sentence. The microgeographical song variations of the Chinese Bulbul in Hangzhou occurred at different levels of acoustic characteristics, such as hearing, oscillogram, syllable composition, sonagram and spectrum. Obvious boundaries between microgeographical song dialects and also multi-bilingual individuals could be found in some survey locations. Ad-ditionally, the mixed areas in where individuals with different microgeographical song dialects occurred could be also found in our survey. The occurrence of microgeographical song dialects in the Chinese Bulbul might be related to individual dispersal of and changes of the habitats in urban areas.