猕猴属种间颅骨差异的探讨

为了研究狒猴属的颅骨差异性，从面探讨种间在形态、功能和系统分化方面联系，测定了１１１个猕猴种类的７７个颅骨变量，用于主成分分析和判别分析。应用巢式分析方法，分析过程包括３个步骤。所有变量根据功能和部位的不同首先分为７个单位：下颌、下颌齿、上颌齿、上面颅、下面颅，、面颅后部和颅腔。第２步根据它们所揭示的相似性（具有相同的种间及种内差异性类型）合并为３个解剖区域：咀嚼器官（下颌、下颌齿、上颌齿），面颅

CRANIODENTAL VARIATION OF MACAQUES (Macaca): SIZE,FUNCTION AND PHYLOGENY

：In order to analyze skull variation in the genus Macaca，seventy-seven craniodental variables were taken from eleven species.They were first defined seven functional units comprising three anatomical regions.Twenty-seven variables were finally selected to carry out the morphology of the whole skull.The data，organized in these ways，were examined to discover variations between and within the various species.The methods used were Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA).PCAs of the functional units anatomical regions，and the whole skull provided similar，though not identical，separations of species clusters in both sexes separately.These differences in structure could be related to size，sexual dimorphism，diet，ecology，classification and phylogeny.The question of size should have been easy to settle.Unfortunately，this is not the case.In this study where the raw data are measurements of the specimens，the main differences should be size.However，the size differences seem to occur in both the first and second (independent) multivariate axes.In some analyses the size differences between the species are biggest and appear in the first axis.In other analyses it is the separation between the sexes (and these too are largely size) that are the biggest and appear in the first axis.Yet in other analyses，both of these size separations，though still orthogonal to one another，present in the combination of the first two axes.This certainly implies that a single axis of body size is not present and that shape differences have not been isolated form size differences.It also implies that sexual dimorphism is a complex matter.As a result，the question of the relationships between the species is therefore also complex.One cluster of species that includes M.fascicularis，M.sinica and M.radiata was significantly isolated from all others regardless of level of analysis.This relationship is quite different from that proposed on the anatomy of the reproductive organs (Delson，1980；Fooden，1976，1980).