无尾蹄蝠的回声定位声波特征及分析

采用超声波监听仪U30录制无尾蹄蝠自由飞行状态的回声定位声波,经Batsound3.0分析,其声波为高频(145.4±10.9kHz)、宽带(62.6±9.2kHz)、具两个谐波的短(1.67±0.4ms)FM型,不同于蹄蝠科其他蝙蝠的CF型,表明该科内物种声波类型存在多态性。头骨的形态测定分析支持其通过鼻腔发射声波,与蹄蝠科其他蝙蝠一致,表明该科内声波发射方式的单一性。适应环境的选择压力及翼型和声波的适应性可能是其选择FM型叫声的重要原因。

Characteristics and Analysis of Echolocation Calls by Coelops frithi

The echolocation calls of Coelops frithi were recorded during free flight using an ultrasonic detector U30, and were analyzed using the software Batsound 3.0. Our results showed that C. frithi emitted high frequency (145.4±10.9 kHz), broad bandwidth (62.6±9.2 kHz), and short (1.67±0.4 ms) frequency-modulated (FM) calls with 2 harmonics, which suggested polymorphic echolocation calls in Hipposideridae because other hipposiderid species emitted constant frequency (CF) calls. The analysis of the cranial measurements of C. frithi indicated that it was a nasal emitter like other hipposiderids, which suggested the single emitting form in this family. We considered that C. frithi emitted FM calls mainly due to the selection pressure of evolution and the adaptability between wing morphology and echolocation calls.