人为干扰对黑腹滨鹬觅食行为的影响

2003年11月至2004年3月,采用目标动物取样法和人为干扰实验法,于浙江省乐清湾滩涂进行人类活动对黑腹滨鹬(Calidrisalpina)觅食行为影响的研究。取样观察结果表明,在每天沿海堤可观察黑腹滨鹬持续觅食的1h里,96.6%的黑腹滨鹬在35m或更小的距离上通过奔跑或惊飞对人类的活动作出反应;黑腹滨鹬花费90%(人类较多的盐盆滩涂为85%,较少的乐成滩涂为94%)的时间觅食,10%的时间用于避免人类的干扰;人数、人类活动类型对觅食时间具有显著影响,人数、人离黑腹滨鹬的距离、人类活动类型对黑腹滨鹬移动的距离、移动的次数以及黑腹滨鹬对人类靠近的反应均具有显著效应。人为干扰最小接近距离实验结果表明,黑腹滨鹬对人类反应的距离在3～30m;干扰人数为1人时的最小接近距离显著大于2人;人类行走和奔跑的两种活动类型对黑腹滨鹬的最小接近距离没有显著影响。本研究验证了滨鸟觅食区内的人为活动严重影响黑腹滨鹬觅食行为的假设。

Effects of Human Disturbance on Foraging Behavior of Dunlins Calidris alpina

Studies on effects of human activity on the foraging behavior of dunlins Calidris alpina were conducted using methods of focal-animal sampling and human-disturbance experiment at the beaches of Yanpen and Yuecheng, Yueqing bay in Zhejiang Province from November 2003 to March 2004. Results of focal-animal sampling showed that 96.6% of dunlins responded to human disturbances at a distance of 35 m or less by either running or flying. Dunlins spent 90% (94% in Yanpen with less people while only 85% in Yuecheng with more people) of the time foraging and 10% avoiding human disturbance generally. Number of persons and type of human activities had significant effects on foraging time, respectively. The distance and frequency of dunlin moved, and the response behaviors of dunlin to human approaching were significantly sensitive to the number of persons, the type of human activities and the distance from humans. The results of human-disturbance experiment indicated that the distances of dunlins responding to human were 3-30 m. The minimal approach distance to dunlins was significantly lager at one disturber than that at two disturbers, but no significant difference between two types of human activities, walking and running. This study tested the hypothesis that the human activities in shorebird foraging areas adversely affect the foraging behavior of dunlins.