笼养东北虎雌雄行为差异的比较

1998年4月－2001年3月在哈尔滨动物园，采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件取样法对5只笼养东北虎（3雌2雄）的昼夜行为时间分配及活动规律进行了研究。结果表明：东北虎的睡眠、卧息、运动和其他行为在时间分配上两性存在一定差异，即雌性的睡眠和卧息时间比雄性多，雌性的运动和其他行为时间比雄性少；但摄食行为的时间分配相差不大。两性日活动规律的差异为雄性的睡眠高峰主要在夜晚，卧息较雌性少且相对集中，运动出现和结束的时间较雌性延迟约1h。对两性及不同个体行为时间分配的单因素方差分析发现，不同个体间仅运动存在显著差异（P＜0.05)；两性间睡眠、卧息、运动和其他行为均存在显著差异（P＜0.05)。笼养东北虎两性行为的差异可能与其野外的行为习惯有关，而这些行为习惯又与其担当的性别角色有紧密联系。

Behavioral Differences of Male and Female Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) in Captivity

From April 1998 to March 2001,the 24 hours time budget and activity rhythm of 5 captive Amur tigers (3 females and 2 males) were observed in Harbin Zoo,by all occurrence and scan sampling methods. The results show that:There exist the differences between the males and females in time budget and activity rhythm. The females spend more time sleeping and resting and less time moving and doing other behaviors than the males, but both sexes spend similar time eating. The males mainly sleep in the evening, and begin and end to move later 1 hour or so than the females. Variation of individuals and sexes, which were analyzed with one way ANOVA, indicates that there are clear differences in moving ( P <0 05) among individuals,and in sleeping,resting,moving and other behaviors ( P <0 05) between the male and female Amur tigers.