近十年来鄱阳湖区越冬白鹤种群数量与分布

1998—2010年,该研究采用地面同步调查法在鄱阳湖区64个湖泊开展了越冬白鹤种群监测。结果表明,鄱阳湖区分布有稳定的越冬白鹤种群,鄱阳湖区越冬白鹤种群数量年平均值为(3108±849)只,2002年冬季达到最大值4004只;从2003年开始鄱阳湖区越冬白鹤数量表现出一定的年际波动,但变化幅度较小。共有46个湖泊被记录到有白鹤活动。其中,达到全球白鹤种群数量1%标准以上的湖泊达25个;白鹤数量接近或超过全球白鹤种群数量的40%,即1280只个体以上的湖泊包括鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区内的大汊池、蚌湖和蚕豆湖,以及保护区外的南湖。自然保护区涵盖了越冬白鹤的主要聚集湖泊。分布在自然保护区内的白鹤占鄱阳湖区越冬白鹤种群总数量的(66±27.3)%。保护区外分布的白鹤数量虽然总体呈下降趋势,但仍分布有一定数量的个体。

Population and distribution of the Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus) wintering in the Poyang lakes over the past decade

Using simultaneous land surveys, we monitored the population size and spatial distribution of wintering Siberian cranes at 64 lakes around Poyang Lake between 1998 and 2010. The results showed that 46 lakes were inhabited by wintering cranes, and in 25 of those, the number of wintering cranes accounted for more than 1% of the Siberian cranes' global population. The lakes where over 40.0% of the global population, e.g. 1 280 individuals, included Dachahu Lake in Jiujiang region, and Banghu Lake and Candouhu Lake in the Poyang Lake Nature Reserve. The average yearly population of the wintering Siberian crane in the Poyang lakes was 3 108±849, with the maximum of 4 004 individuals in winter 2002. On the whole, there was no drastic fluctuation, but population numbers have shown considerable fluctuation since 2003. We also found the Poyang Lake Nature Reserve was the major wintering area of the Siberian crane, with over 60% of Siberian cranes wintering in the reserve since 2002 (except in 2006). Most of the inhabited lakes are covered in existing nature reserves, though some lakes outside the reserve were also considerably used by Siberian cranes.