东北松嫩草原重度退化草地两种典型植被恢复处理方式间土壤螨类群落特征比较

于2005年5—10月在东北松嫩草原中南部十三泡草场,采用室内Tullgren法分离获取螨类,对土壤螨类进行采样,应用类群数、个体密度、多样性指数和MI指数等多个群落参数,研究植被恢复方式对重度碱化退化草地土壤螨类群落特征的影响。共捕获土壤螨类1104只,分别隶属于3亚目41属。结果表明,重度碱化退化草地土壤螨类稀少;围栏封育和种植碱茅两种植被恢复方式均能改善该类草地土壤螨类群落环境,提高了螨类的类群数、个体密度、群落多样性以及中气门螨类MI指数。但围栏封育和种植碱茅两种植被恢复方式之间也存在明显差异,种植碱茅较围栏封育更能显著提高土壤螨类个体密度;种植碱茅样地土壤螨类MI指数显著高于围栏封育样地,捕食性螨类K-选择类群比例更高,土壤螨类群落环境更好。对于松嫩草原重度碱化退化草地,选择种植碱茅方式可能更利于草地土壤螨类群落的恢复与重建。

Effects of Vegetation Reclamation Practices on Soil Mite Communities in Seriously Alkalinized and Degraded Grasslands of Songnen, Northeastern China

In this paper,the data on the soil mites under different vegetation reclamation practices were collected using the Tullgren method, in seriously alkalinized and degraded grasslands of Songnen, Northeastern China between May and October in 2005. Using the community parameters of generic richness, abundance, diversity index, and maturity index (MI) (Mesostigmata), the community structure and its seasonal changes were described. A total of 1 104 soil mite individuals were captured and classified into 41 genera. Our results showed that fencing an enclosure and planting Puccinellia chinampoensis substantially improved soil mite communities after five years reclamation, and less mites were taken in the control treatment. Mite abundance and MI were significantly increased when P. chinampoensis was planted than under fencing enclosure treatments. MI index indicated that planting P. chinampoensis altered the ratio of K-selection of soil predatory mites after reclamation. The results suggested that planting P. chinampoensis may be more beneficial to restoring soil mite communities, than fencing enclosures in seriously alkalinized and degraded grasslands of Songnen.