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Red blood cell membrane water permeability increases with length of ex vivo storage |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;2. Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA;3. Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;1. Clinica Santa Elena, Malaga, Spain;2. Inter Science GmbH, Biophysics, Luzern, Switzerland;3. Instituto Andaluz Cirugía Experimental IACE, Malaga, Spain;4. Hippocrates DOO, Divaca, Slovenia;5. Pathology Research Laboratory, Inc, 521 Rocca Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkley, CA 94720, USA;1. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;2. Aquatic Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, SA 5024, Australia;3. Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;1. Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN 55455;2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN 55455;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN 55455 |
| Abstract: | Water transport across the red blood cell (RBC) membrane is an essential cell function that needs to be preserved during ex vivo storage. Progressive biochemical depletion during storage can result in significant conformational and compositional changes to the membrane. Characterizing the changes to RBC water permeability can help in evaluating the quality of stored blood products and aid in the development of improved methods for the cryopreservation of red blood cells. This study aimed to characterize the water permeability (Lp), osmotically inactive fraction (b), and Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) at defined storage time-points throughout storage and to correlate the observed results with other in vitro RBC quality parameters. RBCs were collected from age- and sex-matched blood donors. A stopped flow spectrophotometer was used to determine Lp and b by monitoring changes in hemoglobin autofluorescence when RBCs were exposed to anisotonic solutions. Experimental values of Lp were characterized at three different temperatures (4, 20 and 37 °C) to determine the Ea. Results showed that Lp, b, and Ea of stored RBCs significantly increase by day 21 of storage. Degradation of the RBC membrane with length of storage was seen as an increase in hemolysis and supernatant potassium, and a decrease in deformability, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and supernatant sodium. RBC osmotic characteristics were shown to change with storage and correlate with changes in RBC membrane quality metrics. Monitoring water parameters is a predictor of membrane damage and loss of membrane integrity in ex vivo stored RBCs. |
| Keywords: | Hypothermic storage Erythrocyte Membrane integrity Osmotic response Storage lesion Stopped-flow spectroscopy RBC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"red blood cell water permeability osmotically inactive fraction Arrhenius activation energy maximum elongation index MCHC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration netCAD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Canadian Blood Services' Network Center for Applied Development CPD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"citrate phosphate dextrose SAGM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"saline adenine glucose mannitol potassium sodium PBS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0155"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"phosphate buffered saline 50% of the maximum elongation MCV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0175"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mean corpuscular volume MCH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0185"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
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