新疆巴音布鲁克草原白蘑蘑菇圈土壤真菌多样性分析

【背景】新疆巴音布鲁克草原为我国第二大高山草原,草原上生长的白蘑(Tricholoma mongolicum Imai)属于口蘑属(Tricholoma)的一种,可形成典型的蘑菇圈。【目的】了解巴音布鲁克草原白蘑蘑菇圈圈上及其两侧土壤真菌的物种组成和群落结构特点,为研究白蘑蘑菇圈的形成与生长及其子实体的发生提供一定的理论依据。【方法】采用Illumina HiSeq平台高通量测序技术研究白蘑蘑菇圈周围土壤真菌的物种组成丰富度和菌群结构多样性。【结果】测定有效序列经注释得到809个操作分类单元(Optical taxonomic unit,OTU),分为5个门、26个纲、79个目、166个科、232个属;蘑菇圈上土壤真菌的物种丰富度、群落结构多样性以及特异性物种均低于圈外及圈内,蘑菇圈上特有真菌物种为Xylodonnothofagi、Agaricales、Phaeococcomyces、Ochrocladosporium adansoniae、Coniochaeta ligniaria、未知子囊菌、 Tomentella amyloapiculata、 Dothideomycetes、Incertea_sedis_Helotiales。【结论】研究表明白蘑蘑菇圈的形成影响土壤真菌的分布,圈上优势真菌类群对其他真菌类群具有抑制作用,蘑菇圈向外生长可能与微生物群落结构失衡有关。

Soil fungi diversity analysis of Tricholoma mongolicum mushroom ring in Bayinbuluke grassland, Xinjiang

Background] Bayinbuluke grassland in Xinjiang is the second largest alpine grassland in China. There is a kind of white mushroom (Tricholoma mongolicum) that grows on the grassland belongs to Tricholoma, which can form a typical mushroom ring. Objective] In order to understand the species composition and community structure of fungi around the mushroom ring, and provide a theoretical basis for study the formation and growth of mushroom circle and its fruiting body. Methods] We utilized high-throughput sequencing technology through Illumina HiSeq system to analyze the species richness and microbial structure diversity of the mushroom fungus. Results] The valid sequences were annotated into 809 OTUs, and they were divided into 5 phyla, 26 classes, 79 orders, 166 families, and 232 genera. The species richness, community structure diversity and specific species on the mushroom ring are lower than those outside the circle and within the circle. There are some special species on the fairy ring, such as Xylodon nothofagi, Agaricales, Phaeococcomyces, Ochrocladosporium adansoniae, Coniochaeta ligniaria, Tomentella amyloapiculata, Dothideomycetes, Incertea_sedis_Helotiales. Conclusion] This study showed that the formation of mushroom rings affected the distribution of soil fungi, and the dominant fungal group on the circle had inhibitory effects on other fungal groups. The outcrop growth of mushroom rings may be related to the imbalance of microbial community structure.