非洲猪瘟在俄罗斯的流行与研究现状

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起,是家猪和野猪的一种高度接触性、致死性传染病,可表现为最急性、急性、亚急性和慢性四种形式。猪感染后以发热、高病毒血症和出血性病变为特征。有的毒株可引起高发病率和高死亡率。自2007年ASF传入格鲁吉亚以来,该病在高加索地区(包括俄罗斯)逐步蔓延,造成多地大量家猪和野猪病死,经济损失惨重。2017年3月,ASF突然在远东地区伊尔库茨克州出现,疫点距中国北方最大陆路口岸满洲里仅约1 000 km,使得传入中国的风险空前提高。为此,本文对该病10年间在俄罗斯的流行状况和研究情况进行总结,以期为我国对该病的防控提供参考。

Prevalence and research progress of African swine fever in Russia

African swine fever (ASF) is caused by ASF virus (ASFV), and it is a highly contagious and often fatal diseases of domestic and wild swine that can occur in peracute, acute, subacute and chronic forms. Following infection of swine, ASF is characterized by fever, high viremic titers, hemorrhagic lesions and, depending on the strain, high morbidity and mortality. ASF was introduced into Georgia in 2007, causing enormous economic losses and it has now been speard to many regions in Russia. On 27 March 2017, an outbreak took place in Irkutskaya Oblast, a region close to the largest land port in the North of China about 1 000 kilometers, which poses China a high risk of disease introduction. Here, in order to provide a reference to the prevention and control of ASF in China, the authors present a review on the epidemic situation and research progress of ASF in Russia.