石油中长链烷烃微生物降解及分子机制研究进展

中长链烷烃是石油烃中的重要组成部分，由于其疏水性强、黏度大、化学活性低、难降解，是地下原油黏度大、石油采收率低、泄漏后长期污染生态环境的重要原因，因此成为提高石油采收率和石油污染环境治理中的重要降解目标。微生物降解中长链烷烃作为一种新型高效的绿色技术日益受到重视。本文总结了微生物降解中长链烷烃的间期适应与转运过程，与转运过程相关的膜蛋白，微生物好氧与厌氧降解的代谢途径，以及好氧降解过程中的基因调控机制，并对微生物降解中长链烷烃的研究方向提出了展望，以期为后续的相关研究工作提供参考。

Microbial degradation and molecular mechanism of medium and long-chain alkanes in petroleum: a review

Medium and long-chain alkanes are key parts of petroleum hydrocarbons. They are the main cause of the high viscosity of underground crude oil, low oil recovery, and long-term pollution of the ecological environment after leakage due to their strong hydrophobicity, high viscosity, low chemical activity, and difficulty in degradation. As a result, they are important degradation targets in terms of improving oil recovery and treating petroleum pollution in the environment. As a new and efficient green technology, microbial degradation of medium and long-chain alkanes has gained popularity. This paper summarized the interphase adaptation and transport process of medium and long-chain alkanes in microbial degradation, membrane proteins related to the transport process, metabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic microorganism degradation, gene regulation mechanism in aerobic degradation, and putative gene regulation mechanism in anaerobic degradation. Furthermore, prospects for the research direction of microbial degradation of medium and long-chain alkanes were presented, serving as references for subsequent related research.