酿酒酵母在纤维素乙醇生产中对毒性化合物的耐受机理研究进展

利用木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的过程中,前期预处理所产生的抑制剂会影响酵母的正常生长和后续的发酵过程。为减小抑制剂的影响所采取的一些脱毒策略往往造成糖的损失和生产成本的增加,这在实际生产与经济上是不可行的。因此,具有强的抑制剂耐受性的酿酒酵母菌株对于提高纤维素乙醇产率是十分重要的。近十年来,对于酿酒酵母胁迫耐受机制的研究取得了一些重要的进展,着重介绍目前酿酒酵母对抑制剂耐受机制的研究现状,包括一些关键性基因的表达及代谢通路过程分析等。同时也介绍一些应对抑制剂提高酵母发酵能力的措施。

Review on molecular mechanisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibitor tolerance during cellulosic ethanol production

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production generates inhibitory compounds that interfere with microbial growth and subsequent fermentation. To facilitate fermentation process, detoxification techniques have been commonly applied to remediate these inhibitory compounds. However, these additional steps result in sugar loss and an extra cost in practice. To meet desired overall yields during ethanol production, it is of great practi-cal importance to improve the inhibitor-tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of yeast stress tolerance. This article reviewed the molecular mechanisms of Sacchromyces cerevisiae inhibi-tor tolerance focusing on its enhanced expression and pathway analysis of some key genes. We also discussed the strategies for improving the fermentation performance of yeast.