酸性土壤氨氧化微生物及其影响因素研究进展

自然条件变化和人类活动不仅加剧了土壤酸化，扩大了酸性土壤面积，而且严重影响了土壤氮循环。氨氧化过程作为硝化作用的限速步骤，是全球氮循环的核心环节，受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。探究酸性土壤氨氧化作用及其功能微生物对完善氮循环机制和促进土壤养分循环具有重要意义。本文主要综述了土壤中氨氧化代谢途径，对比了氨氧化细菌(ammoniaoxidizing bacteria, AOB)、氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA)和全程硝化菌(complete ammoniaoxidizers,Comammox)对酸性土壤氨氧化作用的相对贡献，分析了微生物内源功能差异及pH、底物浓度等外部环境因素对氨氧化微生物丰度、活性和群落结构的影响，最后对氨氧化微生物研究进行了展望，以期为酸性土壤氨氧化作用研究和微生物修复技术应用与实践提供科学参考。

Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in acidic soil and their influencing factors: a review

The changes of natural conditions and human activities have not only intensified soil acidification and expanded the area of acidic soil but also seriously affected soil nitrogen cycle. As a rate-limiting step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation is the core of the global nitrogen cycle, which has attracted extensive attention. Exploring ammonia oxidation in acidic soil and the involved functional microorganisms is of great significance for deciphering the nitrogen cycle mechanism and promoting soil nutrient cycling. This paper summarized the mechanisms of ammonia oxidation in soil and compared the relative contributions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox) to ammonia oxidation in acidic soil. Then, we analyzed the effects of microbial endogenous function differences and environmental factors such as pH and substrate concentration on the abundance, activity, and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. Finally, the future studies about ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms were prospected. This paper is expected to provide scientific references for future research on ammonia oxidation in acidic soil, as well as the application and practice of microbial remediation.