鱼腥藻7120遗传转化的研究进展

鱼腥藻7120作为模式生物被广泛用于光合、固氮、进化、代谢等基本生命现象的研究。近几年, 对其基因工程的研究使人们看到它在医药、环保、能源等方面的应用潜力, 但表达效率低是其发展的瓶颈。为了提高其表达效率, 研究者从鱼腥藻7120的载体(包括启动子、复制子、选择标记基因等)的改进、目的基因的优化(密码子和SD序列)、宿主的改善、转化方法的改变等方面进行了大量探索, 除了用于功能基因的研究, 已经有几十个外源基因在鱼腥藻7120中表达。除了研究载体, 诱变鱼腥藻7120形成有利于外源基因表达的突变体和摸索转基因蓝藻最佳生长条件和表达条件, 可能是新的发展方向。

Advances on the Genetic Transformation of Anabaena sp. Strain PCC7120

Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120, an ancient group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, have served as an excellent model system for analysis of fascinating biological phenomena such as photosynthesis and its regulation, cell differentiation and N2 fixation, metabolism of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, resistance to environmental stresses and molecular evolution. Apart from excellent basic research on heterocyst development and gene rearrangements, Anabaena strains have been extensively investigated for biotechnological applications such as production of drug and food, nitrogen biofertilizer, for hydrogen production and ammonia excretion, pesticides infested soils, bioremediation of oil, and production of biological fuel. However, the low expression rate was the neck for the use of this system. To improve the foreign protein expression rate, genetic transformation system of Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 were extensively investigated such as vector (including promoter, reproducer, select marker etc.), foreign gene modification (coden and SD sequence), host adjustment, transformation method. Besides used for gene function research, Anabaena PCC7120 was used as host expressed many foreign proteins. Constructing Anabaena PCC7120 mutant and finding the best culture condition specially for expressing foreign proteins may be one of the new research directions.