基于宏基因组技术分析全球不同温度带土壤微生物多样性

【背景】温度在塑造大尺度的土壤微生物群落方面发挥了重要作用，但目前针对全球不同温度带大尺度土壤微生物多样性方面的研究十分缺乏。【目的】明确不同温度带大尺度土壤微生物组成和功能的差异变化。【方法】从宏观的角度运用宏基因组技术对不同温度带土壤微生物群落的组成和功能进行分析。【结果】细菌的物种多样性随着温度带纬度的升高而增多，真菌的物种多样性在温带最多，在寒带最小且假丝酵母属(Candida)占绝对优势。3个温度带间除物种多样性存在差异外，微生物群落中物种丰度差异也较大，优势属和特殊属各有不同。其中值得注意的是，假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的丰度在不同温度带间存在显著差异，且随着温度带纬度的升高而增多，而链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)、红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)和小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)的丰度随温度带纬度的升高而降低。在功能方面，发现与翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转、伴侣(posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chap...

Microbial community diversity of soil in different temperature zones around the world: based on metagenomic technology

Background] Temperature plays an important role in shaping soil microbial communities at large scales, but there is a paucity of research on large-scale soil microbial diversity in different temperature zones around the globe. Objective] To clarify the difference in composition and function of large-scale soil microbes among different temperature zones.Methods] We used metagenomic technology to analyze the composition and function of soil microbial communities in different temperature zones. Results] The species diversity of bacteria rose with the increase of latitude of temperature zones, and that of fungi was the highest in temperate zone and lowest in cold zone with absolute dominance of Candida. The abundance of species in the microbial communities also varied greatly among the three temperature zones, with different dominant and special genera. Particularly, the abundance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus was significantly different among the three temperature zones and it increased with the rise of the latitude. However, the abundance of Streptomyces, Geodermatophilus, Rubrobacter, and Micromonospora decreased with increase of latitude of temperature zones. In terms of function, it was found that gene functions related to posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, intracellular trafficking, secretion, vesicular transport, and cell motility may play an important role in cold tolerance of microorganisms. Conclusion] This study found that soil microorganisms differed significantly in species diversity, community composition, and function among temperature zones and identified bacteria, fungi, and functions significantly affected by changes in temperature zones, contributing to a large-scale study of the geographic patterns of soil microbial diversity and their formation mechanisms.