未培养微生物的研究与微生物分子生态学的发展*

近年来现代分子技术和基因组学逐渐渗透到有关生命科学的整个领域，也为微生物生态学提供了新的研究方法和机遇。16S rRNA基因序列分析、DNA-DNA杂交、核酸指纹图谱以及宏基因组学等分子技术检查自然环境中的微生物，可以克服传统纯培养技术的不足，是一条探知未培养微生物、寻找新基因及其产物的新途径，开启了我们认识微生物多样性和获得新资源的大门。

Progress in the Biodiversity of Nonculturable Microorganisms and Microbial Molecular Ecology

Recent progress in molecular microbial ecology has revealed that traditional culturing methods fail to represent the scope of microbial diversity in nature, only a small proportion of viable microorganisms in a sample are recovered by culturing techniques. Molecular techniques, 16S rRNA sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, genetic fingerprinting technique and metagenomics etc, have become routine methods in microbial ecology, which are used to explore the diversity of uncultured microbial communities and obtain novel environmental DNA without any cultivation.