生物胺降解酶研究进展及其应用

生物胺是存在于发酵食品和酒精饮料中的潜在胺类危害物。如果人体摄入过量的生物胺，则会引起呼吸困难、呕吐和发烧等过敏反应。生物胺降解酶是通过将生物胺氧化成醛类物质来实现降解生物胺的一类酶。目前发现的具有降解生物胺能力的酶主要包括胺氧化酶、胺脱氢酶和多铜氧化酶。本文详细阐述了这3类主要生物胺降解酶的催化机理、底物特异性、酶学性质、应用特性和它们对生物胺的降解效果，归纳和总结了生物胺降解酶的异源表达和分子改造的研究进展，并对生物胺降解酶在基因挖掘、分子改造和表达等方面的研究趋势进行了展望，以期为研究和开发食品中生物胺的酶法降解策略提供参考。

Biogenic amines-degrading enzymes and their applications: a review

Biogenic amines (BAs), the potential health threats in fermented food and alcoholic beverage, bring about allergic reactions such as dyspnea, vomiting, and fever in the case of excessive intake. BAs-degrading enzymes, including amine oxidase, amine dehydrogenase, and multicopper oxidase, oxidize BAs to aldehydes. This review described the catalytic mechanism, substrate specificity, enzymatic properties, and applications of the three BAs-degrading enzymes and their capabilities of degrading BAs. The heterologous expression and molecular modification of them were also summarized. Furthermore, research trends of such enzymes in gene mining, molecular modification, and expression were summed up. The paper is expected to provide a reference for studying and developing strategies for degrading BAs in food with enzymes.