昆虫抗药性和昆虫毒理动力学(英文)

不断地使用一种杀虫药剂防治昆虫,会导致昆虫产生抗药性。对昆虫抗药性资料进行广泛综述时,发现了仅单独的解毒作用不能被解释为家蝇对有机氯杀虫药剂产生高抗性原因。作为一个基因。家蝇可以对有机氯产生比对有机磷杀虫剂更高的抗药性,尽管有机磷杀虫剂一般在虫体内是不太稳定的。考虑到昆虫毒理的动力学,杀虫药剂的穿透作用更显示出其实际的重要性。根据穿透和解毒的速率,慢的穿透作用是解毒作用的一个限制因子。防治敏感和抗性昆虫的观察结果,可以划出物理和生物因子之间关系的几种相关曲线图解。这些相关性不仅能说明家蝇对有机磷和有机氯杀虫剂的抗性程度,而且也助于选择出新的杀虫毒剂。

INSECT RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES AND DYNAMICS OF INSECT TOXICOLOGY

In field control of insects with insecticides, insects could develop different degrees of re-sistance. When resistance data were reviewed more extensively, it was found that detoxication alone cannot explain very high resistance of house flies to OC1 (organochlorine) insecticides. As a group, flies can develop much higher resistance to OC1 than to OP (organophosphorus) insecticides, although OPs are generally less stable in insects. With the consideration of the dynamics of insect toxicology, one can readily realize the importance of penetration. Based on the rates of penetration and detoxication, slow penetration is a limiting factor for detoxication. To further explain the observed results on the control of S (susceptible) and R (resistant) insects, several correlation curves were plotted, on the relationship be-tween physical and biological factors. These relationships uot only indicate approximate degrees of re-sistance of flies to OPs and OCls, but also help select new toxicants. For example. fast speed of action in-dex of insecticides can produce lower resistance, and the analysis of the joint action of insecticides helps evaluate the types (same or different) of mode of action for controlling resistant insects.