中国云南人间鼠疫流行区蚤类宿主特异性及宿主选择(英文)

应用生态学中的生态位宽度及生态位重叠研究方法，对中国云南人间鼠疫流行区１１种蚤的宿主特异性及宿主选择进行了研究。宿主特异性用Ｌｅｖｉｎｓ生态位宽度进行测定。宿主选择用夹角余弦生态位重叠进行测定。结果表明：长形病蚤普洱亚种及印鼠客蚤的生态位宽度最窄、宿主特异性最高，近端远棒蚤二刺亚种及斯氏新蚤滇川亚种的生态位最宽、宿主特异性最低。印鼠客蚤（云南人间鼠疫流行区的主要鼠疫媒介）的优势宿主是黄胸鼠。印鼠客蚤较高的宿主特异性意味着该蚤可能主要在其优势宿主的不同个体间保存或传播鼠疫病原体。短突栉眼蚤及端凹栉眼蚤在宿主选择上较接近，而其它蚤种在宿主选择上差异较大。

HOST-SPECIFICITY AND HOST-SELECTION OF FLEAS IN FOCI OF HUMAN PLAGUE IN YUNNAN, CHINA

The host-specificity and the host-selection of 11 species of fleas collected from 47 species of small mammals in fool of human plague in Yunnan, China, were studied by using methods in the evaluation of ecological niche breadth and overlap. Levins' niche breadth was used for the host-specificity, while clip angle niche overlap and a fuzzy clustering analysis were used for host-selection. Of the 11 species of fleas, the host-specificity of Nosopsyllus elongatus puerensis and Xenopsylla cheopis are the highest (narrow niche breadth), and those of Aviostivalis klossi bispiniformis and Neopsylla sievensi sichuanyunnana the lowest (wide niche breadth). Of 11 species of fleas, the dominant host of X. cheopis (a very high effective vector of plague in the fool of human plague in Yunnan Province, China) is Rattus flavipectus (the main animal host and infectious source of plague in the fool). A high host-specificity of X. cheopis implies that X. cheopis mainly maintains or transmits the pathogen of plague among the individuals of its dominant species of host, R. flavipectus. The result of niche overlap analysis reveals that Ctenophthalmus brevipro- jiciens and Ctenophthalmus pare us have a similar host-selection while other species of fleas are quite different in their host selection.