稻田节肢动物群落物种丰富度及多样性的研究(英文)

本文根据田间调查的资料和群落多样性指数的测定，比较了不同稻田和水稻不同生育期节肢动物群落物种丰富度及多样性。田间调查于1994年在福建省福州市郊区选择3种具有代表性的水稻种植区进行，在此基础上，作者运用Shannon－Wiener（1949）的平均信息（H）、Hurlbert（1971）的种间相遇机率（PIE）和Pielou（1966）的均匀度（E）指数来测定和分析稻田生态系统中节肢动物群落的丰富度及多样性。结果表明，由于受到稻田生境中各种环境因素及水稻不同生育期营养状况的影响，稻田节肢动物群落的丰富度及多样性不仅因田而异，而且随着水稻的生长发育过程有较大的波动。作者认为，稻田节肢动物群落丰富度及多样性的研究结果，可为水稻害虫的预测预报和综合治理提供重要的科学依据。文中还就群落丰富度及多样性的测定方法问题进行了讨论。

THE SPECIES RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY OF THE ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES IN RICE FIELDS

The present paper deals with the characteristics of species richness and diversity of the arthropod communities in different rice fields and at various growing stages of rice based on the data obtained from field surveys and the measurement of the community diversity. The field surveys were carried out in three different forations which represented three typical rice-growing habitats: mountainous,plain and hilly fields in the suburb of Fuzhou, Fujian Province in 1994. Shannon-Wiener's (1949) average information content(H) , Hurlbert's(1971) probability of interspecific encounter (PIE) and Pielou's (1966) formula of equitability (E) were used to measure the diversity of the arthropod communities in the ecosystem of rice fields. The result showed that the species richness of herbivorous insects, carnivorous insects, spiders and total species in the community varied with different fields because of the influence 0f environmental variables in the habitats, and fluctuated with various growing stages of rice due to the variation of crop nourishment. Changes in the index values of H, PIE and E indicated that the community diversity and equitability also varied with space (habitats formed by the rice fields) and time (growing stages of rice). The author thinks that the results of the study could be applied to predict and forecast the population dynamics of rice pests, and to develop the rational program of integrated pest management in the specific rice fields. Discussions are also given in some detail on the methodology of measurement of the species richness and diversity of the arthropod communities in rice fields.