Wall shear stress fixed points in cardiovascular fluid mechanics |
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| Institution: | 1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;2. Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;3. SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department – SCAI, CINECA, Milan, Italy;4. IBFM, Research National Council, Milan, Italy;1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA;2. Bioengineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;1. Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Italy;2. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna s/n, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain;4. Universidad Pública de Navarra, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain;1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy;2. HPC and Innovation Unit, CINECA, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland;4. IBFM, Research National Council, Milan, Italy;5. Biomedical Simulation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;1. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Department of Radiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China;3. Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China |
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| Abstract: | Complex blood flow in large arteries creates rich wall shear stress (WSS) vectorial features. WSS acts as a link between blood flow dynamics and the biology of various cardiovascular diseases. WSS has been of great interest in a wide range of studies and has been the most popular measure to correlate blood flow to cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have emphasized different vectorial features of WSS. However, fixed points in the WSS vector field have not received much attention. A WSS fixed point is a point on the vessel wall where the WSS vector vanishes. In this article, WSS fixed points are classified and the aspects by which they could influence cardiovascular disease are reviewed. First, the connection between WSS fixed points and the flow topology away from the vessel wall is discussed. Second, the potential role of time-averaged WSS fixed points in biochemical mass transport is demonstrated using the recent concept of Lagrangian WSS structures. Finally, simple measures are proposed to quantify the exposure of the endothelial cells to WSS fixed points. Examples from various arterial flow applications are demonstrated. |
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| Keywords: | Blood flow Hemodynamics Mass transport Endothelial cells |
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